April 2025 will mark the 500th anniversary of the Prussian Homage and the preceding Treaty of Kraków. The significance of this event lies in something else. The treaty and the homage formally ended the functioning of the Teutonic Order in Prussia, at the same time giving rise to the secular Duchy of Prussia. In this panel, we would like to discuss issues concerning the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ducal Prussia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth itself and the consequences that affected these states after Sigismund I the Old signed a feudal lordship over Prussia. Preferred topics include: politics, society, culture, economy and political consequences.