Fertilization is a complex process involving molecular interactions focused on recognition, binding, and fusion with the egg. Roughly 30% of couples seeking infertility treatment experience idiopathic infertility despite being otherwise healthy. The causes of this condition can be attributed to the biochemical and genetic properties of sperm.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) receptors on the sperm surface play a crucial role in fertilization, particularly in adhesion to the cumulus oophorus and initiating cell rotation signals. CD44 on sperm serves as a biomarker of maturity and quality, reflecting their ability to interact with the egg. The expression level of CD44 and HMMR receptors may be associated with female partner preference, known as „cryptic female choice,” and can influence fertilization success. Variability in the number and types of receptors on sperm surface can affect their ability to bind effectively with the egg, directly impacting the efficiency of assisted reproduction procedures like IVF (in vitro fertilization).
During the presentation, we will discuss the impact of HA, HMMR, and CD44 receptor gene expression on sperm quality. The goal of future research is to better understand the role of these receptors in fertilization and improve diagnostic methods in infertility treatment. Monitoring these receptors can help identify causes of infertility and facilitate the selection of appropriate medical procedures.
Keywords: Fertilization, hyaluronic acid receptors, sperm, CD44, diagnostics.